When the Roman legions left Britain, the Germanic-speaking Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians began to arrive — at first in small invading parties, but soon in increasing numbers.
Initially they met little firm resistance from the relatively defenceless inhabitants of Britannia. Around AD, however, the invaders were resisted fiercely by the Romano-British, who might have been led by King Arthur, if he existed — and there is no hard evidence that he did. However, the monk Gildas, writing in the mid-6th century, talks about a British Christian leader called Ambrosius who rallied the Romano-British against the invaders and won twelve battles.
Later accounts call this leader Arthur. See 'Saxon Settler' lesson plan. The Celtic areas of Britain regarded the Saxons as enemies and foreigners on their borders: their name became Sassenachs to the Scottish and Saesneg to the Welsh.
The various Anglo-Saxon groups settled in different areas of the country. They formed several kingdoms, often changing, and constantly at war with one another. By AD there were seven separate kingdoms, as follows:. Kent , settled by the Jutes. This large kingdom stretched over the Midlands.
Northumbria , where the monk Bede c. The Sutton Hoo ship burial was found in East Anglia see below. Essex East Saxons.
Here the famous Battle of Maldon was fought against the Vikings in The Anglo-Saxons had become a Christian people. This burial of an East Anglian king provides a rich case study from which we can draw inferences about kingship, religion, warfare, trade, craftsmanship. After , when the Vikings raided Lindisfarne Monastery, the history of the Anglo-Saxons becomes entangled with that of the Vikings.
In many ways they were similar: in language, religion and Northern European origins, yet they are not the same. The very fact that they invaded Britain at different times makes them two very distinct peoples in our history. Membership Contact us Support us About us. Historical Periods A-level topic guides Transition to university Choosing history Careers with history Competitions. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle required different treatment. S Abbreviations of Biblical books follow the practice of Biblia Sacra iuxta Vulgata versionem , Editionem quartam emendatam … praeparavit Roger Gryson Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Location: Research Methodology Data gathering.
Data gathering. Source survey At the start of PASE 1 a survey was made of the primary sources for the period to The main Continental historical sources relevant to Anglo-Saxon England were also referenced. Greenfield and Fred C. Robinson using the collections of E. Neil R. For Anglo-Saxon charters the Electronic Sawyer , with its lists of editions and secondary references for all known charters supersedes other bibliographies and was the major work of reference.
Edgar B. Graves Oxford: Clarendon Press,
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