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I needed a way to make sense of it all, so i began to write a few lines every another part of reflection is being able to use the criticism we face. Share this: Twitter Facebook. Like this: Like Loading Follow Following. Sign me up. Already have a WordPress. Published on April 23, by Shona McCombes. Revised on January 5, A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested by scientific research. If you want to test a relationship between two or more things, you need to write hypotheses before you start your experiment or data collection.
Table of contents What is a hypothesis? Developing a hypothesis Hypothesis examples Frequently asked questions. A hypothesis states your predictions about what your research will find. It is a tentative answer to your research question that has not yet been tested. For some research projects, you might have to write several hypotheses that address different aspects of your research question. A hypothesis is not just a guess — it should be based on existing theories and knowledge.
It also has to be testable, which means you can support or refute it through scientific research methods such as experiments, observations and statistical analysis of data.
Hypotheses propose a relationship between two or more variables. An independent variable is something the researcher changes or controls. A dependent variable is something the researcher observes and measures.
In this example, the independent variable is apple consumption — the assumed cause. Writing a hypothesis begins with a research question that you want to answer. The question should be focused, specific, and researchable within the constraints of your project. Do students who attend more lectures get better exam results?
Your initial answer to the question should be based on what is already known about the topic. Look for theories and previous studies to help you form educated assumptions about what your research will find. At this stage, you might construct a conceptual framework to identify which variables you will study and what you think the relationships are between them.
Now you should have some idea of what you expect to find. Write your initial answer to the question in a clear, concise sentence. You need to make sure your hypothesis is specific and testable.
There are various ways of phrasing a hypothesis, but all the terms you use should have clear definitions, and the hypothesis should contain:. To identify the variables, you can write a simple prediction in if…then form.
The first part of the sentence states the independent variable and the second part states the dependent variable. If a first-year student starts attending more lectures , then their exam scores will improve. In academic research, hypotheses are more commonly phrased in terms of correlations or effects, where you directly state the predicted relationship between variables. The number of lectures attended by first-year students has a positive effect on their exam scores. If you are comparing two groups, the hypothesis can state what difference you expect to find between them.
First-year students who attended most lectures will have better exam scores than those who attended few lectures.
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